The majority of civilization-related radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... exposure is caused by medical x-ray applications for diagnostic purposes. Including the doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely... from nuclear medicineApplication of open or enclosed radioactive substances in me... the resulting average effective doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely... of the population in Germany amounts to 1.8 mSv per year. A further contribution to the radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely... entails the still existing effects of above-ground nuclear weapon tests. The radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely... resulting from global falloutRadioactive material which falls back to the earth after the... in the atmosphere is decreasing since the suspension of the nuclear weapon tests. In the mid-sixties, it amounted to up to 0.2 mSv per year, presently the exposure is less than 0.005 mSv per year. Air traffic contributes about 0.01 mSv per year to the annual effective doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely.... The additional radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely... on a flight Frankfurt – New York – Frankfurt amounts to approx. 0.1 mSv. The average doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely... due to the peaceful use of nuclear energyInner binding energy of atomic nuclei. The nuclear building ... for the inhabitants in the vicinity of 3 km around a nuclear power plantThermal power plant, primarily used for electricity generati... due to the discharge of radioactive substancesRadioactive substances within the meaning of the Atomic Ener... with the exhaust air is less than 0.0003 mSv per year. The mean value of the total civilization-related radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... exposure in Germany amounts to about 1.8 mSv annually.
Cause for radiation dose |
Effective dose in mSv/year |
|
Mean value for the
|
Range of values for
|
|
| Medicine (2011) |
1.9 |
0.01 to 30 |
| Flights |
0.015 |
0.01 to 3 |
| ChernobylAt the Chernobyl location, 130 km north-west of Kiev, four r... accidentUnplanned sequence of events which may result in an effectiv... |
0.005 |
0.002 to 0.04 |
| Nuclear weapon tests |
0.005 |
0.002 to 0.01 |
| Fossil energyAbility to do work or diffuse heat. The unit of energy is th... carriers |
0.001 |
0.001 to 0.01 |
| Nuclear power plants |
0.001 |
0.001 to 0.01 |
| occupational exposed persons |
0.27 |
0.1 to 20 |
| Total |
1.9 |
|
Civilization-related radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... exposure in Germany, 2013